[1] Adeli, H., and Karim, A. (1997), “Neural network model for optimization of cold-formed steel beams”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 123(11), pp.1535–1543.
[2] Wanniarachchi, K.S., Mahendran, M., and Keerthan, P. (2017), “Shear behavior and design of lipped channel beams with non-circular web openings”, Thin-Walled Structures, 119, pp.83–102.
[3] Pham, S.H., Pham, C.H., and Hancock, G.J. (2017), “Review of direct strength method of design for cold-formed steel structures with holes with a focus on shear”, Congrès International de Géotechnique–Ouvrages–Structures, pp.954-963.
[4] Mojtabaei, S.M., Kabir, M.Z., Hajirasouliha, I., and Kargar, M. (2018), “Analytical and experimental study on the seismic performance of cold-formed steel frames”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 143, pp.18–31.
[5] Zhao, J., Sun, K., Yu, C., and Wang, J. (2019), “Tests and direct strength design on cold-formed steel channel beams with web holes”, Engineering Structures, 184, pp.434–446.
[6] Chen, B., Roy, K., Uzzaman, A., Raftery, G., Nash, D., Clifton, G., Pouladi, P., and Lim, J. (2019), “Effects of edge-stiffened web openings on the behaviour of cold-formed steel channel sections under compression”, Thin-Walled Structures, 144, pp.106307.
[7] Yu, N., Kim, B., Yuan, W., Li, L., and Yu, F. (2019), “An analytical solution of distortional buckling resistance of cold-formed steel channel-section beams with web openings”, Thin-Walled Structures, 135, pp.446–452.
[8] Horacek, M., Melcher, J., Balazs, I., and Pesek, O. (2019), “On problem of torsional characteristics of thin-walled steel beams with web openings”, Materials Science and Engineering, 471, pp.052040.
[9] Yu, N., Kim, B., Huang, X., Yuan, W., Ye, R., Wu, L., and Lea, J. (2021), “Analytical solution for flange/web distortional buckling of cold-formed steel beams with circular web perforations”, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 29(6), pp.3463–3473.
[10] Shaker, F.M.F., Mamdooh, Z., Deifalla, A., and Yehia, M.M. (2022), “Experimental investigations of the behavior of stiffened perforated cold-formed steel sections subjected to axial compression”, Buildings, 12(6), pp.812.
[11] Živaljević, V., Jovanović, Ð., Kovačević, D., and Džolev, I. (2022), “The influence of web holes on the behavior of cold-formed steel members: A review”, Buildings, 12(8), pp.1091.
[12] Zhao, J., Liu, J., Yu, C., and Zhang, W. (2022), “Test investigation and direct strength method on cold-formed steel compression members with web holes of different widths”, Engineering Structures, 272, pp.114979.
[13] Zhong, Y., Liu, Y., and Feng, R. (2022), “A two-level optimization framework for new family of CFS sections”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 197, pp.107460.
[14] Chen, B., Roy, K., Fang, Z., Uzzaman, A., Pham, C.H., Raftery, G.M., and Lim, J.B.P. (2022), “Shear capacity of cold-formed steel channels with edge-stiffened web holes, unstiffened web holes, and plain webs”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 148(9), pp.04022129.
[15] Sönmez, M., and Komur, M.A. (2010), “Using FEM and artificial networks to predict elastic buckling load of perforated rectangular plates under linearly varying in-plane normal load”, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 34(2), pp.159–174.
[16] Keerthan, P., and Mahendran, M. (2011), “Shear behavior and strength of Lite steel beams with web openings”, Advances in Structural Engineering, 14(2), pp.171–184.
[17] Li, Z., Leng, J., Guest, J.K., and Schafer, B.W. (2016), “Two-level optimization for a new family of cold-formed steel lipped channel sections against local and distortional buckling”, Thin-Walled Structures, 108, pp.64–74.
[18] Yousefi, A.M., Lim, J.B.P., and Clifton, G.C. (2017), “Cold-formed ferritic stainless steel unlipped channels with web openings subjected to web crippling under interior-two-flange loading condition–Part I: Tests and finite element model validation”, Thin-Walled Structures, 116, pp.333–341.
[19] Yousefi, A.M., Lim, J.B.P., Uzzaman, A., Lian, Y., Clifton, G.C., and Young, B. (2017), Design of cold-formed stainless steel lipped channel sections with web openings subjected to web crippling under end-one-flange loading condition”, Advances in Structural Engineering, 20(7), pp.1024–1045.
[20] Pham, S.H., Pham, C.H., and Hancock, G.J. (2017), “On the design of cold-formed steel beams with holes in shear using the direct strength method”, In EUROSTEEL, pp.1590–1599.
[21] Gatheeshgar, P., Poologanathan, K., Gunalan, S., Shyha, I., Tsavdaridis, K.D., and Corradi, M. (2020), “Optimal design of cold-formed steel lipped channel beams: Combined bending, shear, and web crippling”, Structures, 28, pp.825–836.
[22] Gatheeshgar, P., Poologanathan, K., Gunalan, S., Tsavdaridis, K.D., Degtyareva, N., and Nagaratnam, B. (2019), “Optimised and slotted cold-formed steel channels: A solution for modular building systems”, 10th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management.
[23] Degtyareva, N., Gatheeshgar, P., Poologanathan, K., Gunalan, S., Shyha, I., and McIntosh, A. (2020), “Local buckling strength and design of cold-formed steel beams with slotted perforations”, Thin-Walled Structures, 156, pp.106951.
[24] Pham, C.H., and Hancock, G.J. (2020), “Shear tests and design of cold-formed steel channels with central square holes”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 146(4), pp.04019173.
[25] Taheri, E., Fard, S.E., Zandi, Y., and Samali, B. (2021), “Experimental and numerical investigation of an innovative method for strengthening cold-formed steel profiles in bending”, Applied Sciences, 11(11), pp.5242.
[26] Zhong, Y., Liu, Y., and Feng, R. (2022), “A two-level optimization framework for new family of CFS sections”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 197, pp.107460.
[27] Neves, M., Basaglia, C., and Camotim, D. (2022), “Stiffening optimization of conventional cold-formed steel cross sections based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm and using generalized beam theory”, Thin-Walled Structures, 179, pp.109713.
[28] Qadir, S.J., Nguyen, V.B., and Hajirasouliha, I. (2024), “Design optimisation for CFS beam sections with web and flange stiffeners”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 213, pp.108375.
[29] Hosseinjani, N., Parastesh, H., Haji Rasouliha, I., and Mojtabaei, S.M., (2024), “Parametric Study of Shear Capacity of Double Sections of Cold Formed Steel with Hole”, Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 11(12), pp.108-126.
[30] Pham, N.H., (2023), “Investigation of Web Hole Effects on Capacities of Cold-Formed Steel Channel Members”, Shuren Wang Jingan Li Kui Hu, pp.161.
[31] Gatheeshgar, P., Poologanathan, K., Gunalan, S., Shyha, I., Tsavdaridis, K.D., and Corradi, M. (2020), “Optimal design of cold-formed steel lipped channel beams: Combined bending, shear, and web crippling”, Structures, 28, pp.825–836.
[32] Yu, C. (2012), “Cold-formed steel flexural member with edge stiffened holes: Behavior, optimization, and design”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 71, pp.210–218.
[33] Dai, Y., Fang, Z., Roy, K., Raftery, G.M., and Lim, J.B.P. (2023), “Optimal design of cold-formed steel face-to-face built-up columns through deep belief network and genetic algorithm”, Structures, 56, pp.104906.
[34] Yin, H., Xiao, Y., Wen, G., Qing, Q., and Deng, Y. (2015), “Multiobjective optimization for foam-filled multi-cell thin-walled structures under lateral impact”, Thin-Walled Structures, 94, pp.1–12.
[35] Madeira, J.F.A., Dias, J., and Silvestre, N. (2015), “Multiobjective optimization of cold-formed steel columns”, Thin-Walled Structures, 96, pp.29–38.
[36] Srinivas, N., and Deb, K. (1994), “Multiobjective optimization using nondominated sorting in genetic algorithms”, Evolutionary Computation, 2(3), pp.221–248.
[37] Atashkari, K., Nariman-Zadeh, N., Jamali, A., and Pilechi, A. (2005), “Thermodynamic Pareto optimization of turbojet using multi-objective genetic algorithm”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 44(11), pp.1061–1071.
[38] Qazani, M.R.C., Bidabadi, B.S., Asadi, H., Nahavandi, S., and Bidabadi, F.S. (2023), “Multiobjective optimization of roll-forming procedure using NSGA-II and type-2 fuzzy neural network”, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 21(3), pp.3842-3851.
[39] Gao, H., Pan, Z., Zhu, W., Li, X., Chen, Y., and Wang, Q. (2025), “Seismic performance of cold-formed thin-walled steel-composite shear wall with double-layer inclined slots and stiffeners”, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(8), pp.1075–1094.
[40] El-Taly, B., and El-Shami, M. (2021), “Structural performance of cold-formed steel face-to-face and back-to-back beams”, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(12), pp.1427–1444.
[41] Yadav, N., Yadav, A., and Kumar, M. (2015), “History of neural networks”, In An Introduction to Neural Network Methods for Differential Equations, pp.13–15.
[42] Schmidhuber, J. (2015), “Deep learning in neural networks: An overview”, Neural Networks, 61, pp.85–117.
[43] El-Kassas, E.M.A., Mackie, R.I., and El-Sheikh, A.I. (2001), “Using neural networks in cold-formed steel design”, Computers and Structures, 79(18), pp.1687–1696.
[44] Tashakori, A., and Adeli, H. (2002), “Optimum design of cold-formed steel space structures using neural dynamics model”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 58(12), pp.1545–1566.
[45] Guzelbey, I.H., Cevik, A., and Erklig, A. (2006), “Prediction of web crippling strength of cold-formed steel sheetings using neural networks”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 62(10), pp.962–973.
[46] Pala, M., and Caglar, N. (2007), “A parametric study for distortional buckling stress on cold-formed steel using a neural network”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 63(5), pp.686–691.
[47] Moradi, M.S.S., Azadi, M., and Jahanian, H. (2022), “Multi-objective optimization of tunnel parameters inside a liquefied sand lens under seismic loads”, Geotechnical Research, 9(4), pp.196–211.
[48] Toffolo, A., and Benini, E. (2003), “Genetic diversity as an objective in multi-objective evolutionary algorithms”, Evolutionary Computation, 11(2), pp.151–167.
[49] Pareto, V. (1964), “Cours d'économie politique”, 1, Librairie Droz.
[50] Singh, R., and Samanta, A. (2022), “Numerical finite element simulation and structural behaviour of cold-formed steel members”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 65(8), pp.3300–3305.
[51] Yu, W.W., LaBoube, R.A., and Chen, H., (2019), “Cold-formed steel design”, John Wiley and Sons.
[52] American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). (2022), North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members (AISI S100-16).
[53] Gurney, K. (2018), “An introduction to neural networks”, CRC Press.
[54] Demuth, H.B., Beale, M.H., De Jess, O., and Hagan, M.T. (2014), “Neural network design”, Martin Hagan.
[55] Kaveh, A., and Khavaninzadeh, N. (2023), “Hybrid ECBO–ANN algorithm for shear strength of partially grouted masonry walls”, Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, 67(4), pp.1176–1187.
[56] Lagaros, N.D. (2023), “Artificial neural networks applied in civil engineering”, Applied Sciences, 13(3), pp.1131.
[57] Waszczyszyn, Z. (2011), “Artificial neural networks in civil engineering: Another five years of research in Poland”, Computer Assisted Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, 18, pp.131–146.
[58] Guenin, B., Könemann, J., and Tuncel, L. (2022), “Practical optimization: A gentle introduction”, Cambridge University Press.
[59] Leng, J. (2024), “Optimization techniques for structural design of cold-formed steel structures”, In Recent Trends in Cold-formed Steel Construction, pp.215-238.
[60] André, J., Siarry, P., and Dognon, T. (2001), “An improvement of the standard genetic algorithm fighting premature convergence in continuous optimization”, Advances in Engineering Software, 32, pp.49-60.
[61] Nariman-Zadeh, N., Atashkari, K., Jamali, A., Pilechi, A., and Yao, X. (2005), “Inverse modeling of multi-objective thermodynamically optimized turbojet engine using GMDH-type neural networks and evolutionary algorithms”, Engineering Optimization, 37(2), pp.437–462.
[62] Liu, B., Yu, M., Liu, Y., Chen, W., Fang, Z., and Lim, J.B.P. (2024), “Fire resistance time prediction and optimization of cold-formed steel walls based on machine learning”, Thin-Walled Structures, 203, pp.112207.
[63] Hou, S., Li, Q., Long, S., Yang, X., and Li, W. (2009), “Crashworthiness design for foam filled thin-wall structures”, Materials and Design, 30(6), pp.2024–2032.
