In recent years, special truss moment frames (STMFs) have been widely used as a relatively new steel frame system for seismic hazard zones. These frames dissipate seismic energy through special ductile segments embedded near the middle of the span of the truss beam. In this study, the seismic behavior of STMFs with Truss columns was investigated by nonlinear static analysis (pushover), cyclic static analysis, and time history analysis and compared with the common STMFs reported in the literature. To achieve this goal, two 2D models with the same characteristics were converted into a nonlinear model based on seismic design criteria, design and with the help of the concentrated plasticity method. the results showed that STMFs with Truss columns have a better seismic performance than STMFs with filled-web columns. Compared to ordinary STMFs, ductility and energy dissipation were enhanced, hinges were more distributed at higher performance levels, and drifts were more evenly and uniformly distributed on stories for STMFs with Truss columns. In addition, STMFs were more affordable due to their lower weight and can be used to install pipes through Web columns.